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前言
即刻种植是一种常见的修复方法,其成功率与延期种植的成功率相似。[1]然而,美观区的即刻种植是复杂且具有挑战的。[2] 为了在即刻种植中实现良好的美学效果,并且使植体达到良好的稳定性,制定严谨的外科和修复策略并准确实施十分必要。[1.3]外科需要考虑因素包括种植体的三维位置、初期稳定性、颊侧骨壁是否存在、软组织的厚度[4]。种植体周软组织生长需要考虑的修复因素包括:穿龈轮廓的正确设计、种植体周围软组织与邻牙的协调性、修复体颜色、轮廓和光滑度。[5、6]拔牙后即刻种植的原因包括根管治疗失败、晚期牙周病、牙外伤和根折,这些通常导致牙槽骨吸收和软组织丧失[5]。重建受损的牙龈和牙槽骨结构的现有方法有正畸助萌术[6、7]、引导骨再生(GBR)[8-10]、和带或不带上皮下结缔组织的块状植骨[11、12]。所有这些治疗方法都可用于治疗拔牙前、拔牙中或拔牙后的骨缺损,这需要两次或三次手术。本文描述了一种即刻牙槽嵴修复(IDR)的技术。这项技术是在在种植手术同期使用从上颌结节采集的皮质骨和松质骨来修复种植体周围骨缺损,并可用于骨壁轻度或严重缺失的拔牙部位。这个方法在一次手术中修复了牙齿、骨和牙龈结构,避免患者行多次手术,减少患者就诊次数。定义
IDR: Immediate loading of implant in damaged fresh extraction socket, using bone sliver graft from maxillary tuberosity.
这个技术的方法是在拔牙后立即植入种植体,同时使用由上颌结节获取的移植物修复唇侧牙槽缺损,并用临时义齿即刻修复。
病例一
患者基本情况
年龄: 24
性别:男
主诉:左上前牙疼痛不适数月
(图1:口内检查照,可见21烤瓷冠)
口内检查21烤瓷冠,牙齿松动Ⅱ-Ⅲ°,牙周探诊深度为10mm,与11牙龈缘不对称,无瘘管。影像学检查21 已行根管治疗、铸造桩核、烤瓷冠修复,唇侧骨板完全缺如。上颌结节的供体区域可利用性良好。
(图2:术前CBCT照)
治疗计划21即刻种植即刻修复+即刻牙槽嵴修复技术向患者交代病情及可选治疗方案,同时告知患者相应的治疗程序、可能出现的并发症、预后、费用等相关问题,患者知情,同意治疗方案。治疗步骤①术前2小时给予抗生素治疗(阿莫西林1g)。抗生素剂量(阿莫西林,500 mg)持续7天,每日3次。②局部麻醉后,用显微刀片切开21个牙龈沟,无创拔除患牙。 随后,仔细刮除窝内肉芽组织和残留的牙周结缔组织。(图3:微创拔牙手术后可见牙根折断;图4:拔牙后证实没有颊骨壁)
③植入种植体,利用腭侧骨壁确保足够的骨支撑,将NobelReplace Tapered TiUnite implant, 16 mm X 5.0 mm种植体植入到理想的三维位置,种植体平台位于理想龈缘下3 mm,初始稳定性为50 N。在移植手术之前,制作好临时义齿。在临时义齿上塑造理想的穿龈轮廓,使其可以容纳软组织,促进种植体周有更厚和更稳定的牙龈组织。同时调整临时义齿的正中和侧方咬合至无咬合接触。(图5:植入种植体NobelReplace Tapered TiUnite implant, 16 mm X 5.0 mm)
④评估移植所需骨材料的量病例二
该作者又于第二年提出IDR技术的一种变型。这种技术同样也是在上颌前牙区拔牙后即刻种植、即刻修复牙槽骨,不同在于从上颌结节获得的移植物包括皮质骨 松质骨 和结缔组织。可以同时修复受损明显的牙龈,不需要再开辟新的术区做软组织移植。
口内检查
见11前庭沟处可见一瘘管,牙龈轻度红肿、退缩。
影像学检查
CBCT显示唇侧骨板完全缺失。总结
上颌结节移植物的特点和早期低强度刺激有利于重建受损的牙槽窝,使牙槽即刻修复。 虽然该技术需要长期随访,但迄今获得的结果是令人满意的。End.
参考文献
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作者:贾淑清
指导老师:撒 悦
编辑:吕思研
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